Diane von Furstenberg Quotes Fashion Designer

Diane von Furstenberg, a successful fashion designer and business executive, is known for her iconic wrap dress and for her use of prints. She has also had success with fragrance, naming her first after her daughter, Tatiana, and demonstrated the success of home shopping networks when her first foray into that field sold more than $1 million in two hours. Selected Diane von Furstenberg Quotations †¢ I design for the woman who loves being a woman. †¢ In all circumstances, I always look for the light and build around it, with little memory of pain. †¢ Attitude is everything. †¢ I didnt know what I wanted to do, but I always knew the woman I wanted to be. †¢ When a woman becomes her own best friend life is easier. †¢ The most important relationship in your life is the relationship you have with yourself. Because no matter what happens, you will always be with yourself. †¢ I travel light. I think the most important thing is to be in a good mood and enjoy life, wherever you are. †¢ The minute a little girl is born, she is already the woman she will be. So to empower a little girl is to empower the woman she will become. †¢ The girls who were unanimously considered beautiful often rested on their beauty alone. I felt I had to do things, to be intelligent and develop a personality in order to be seen as attractive. By the time I realized maybe I wasnt plain and might even possibly be pretty, I had already trained myself to be a little more interesting and informed. †¢ My clothes are great for a honeymoon: Theyre light and sexy, colorful and pretty, and not expensive. †¢ on designing her iconic wrap dress: Well, if you’re trying to slip out without waking a sleeping man, zips are a nightmare. Haven’t you ever tried to creep out of the room unnoticed the following morning? I’ve done that many times. †¢ on her wrap dress: I had a very down-to-earth product, my wrap dress, which was really a uniform. It was just a simple little cotton-jersey dress that everybody loved and everybody wore. That one dress sold about 3 or 4 million. I would see 20, 30 dresses walking down one block. All sorts of different women. It felt very good. Young and old, and fat and thin, and poor and rich. (1998) †¢ on her wrap dress: Its more than just a dress; its a spirit. The wrap dress was an interesting cultural phenomenon, and one that has lasted 30 years. What is so special about it is that its actually a very traditional form of clothing. Its like a toga, its like a kimono, without buttons, without a zipper. What made my wrap dresses different is that they were made out of jersey and they sculpted the body. (2008) †¢ We are living in such a troubled world that fashion seems completely irrelevant. Yet ... its a very, very mysterious thing. Why all of a sudden do people like yellow? Why all of a sudden do people wear combat boots? (2006) †¢ on her first marriage and career: The minute I knew I was about to be Egons wife, I decided to have a career. I wanted to be someone of my own, and not just a plain little girl who got married beyond her desserts. †¢ on her second marriage: I had arranged a birthday party for him and my children, who are all Aquarians. Instead, we got married. I ran out of excuses. It was just us and my children. †¢ on her second marriage: We met 32 years ago, lived together and fell in love, and then I left him, very abruptly. But he was always there somehow, even though I was having other relationships, and we always thought, maybe, one day, we would get married. It was something we said we would do when we got old. And then one day it was his birthday and I didnt know what to give him -- so I said, If you want, I will marry you for your birthday. So we went to City Hall with my children and my brother and we got married. (2008) †¢ about her mother: She was extraordinary. She survived the camps at the age of 22, she taught me only to look at positive things no matter what happens. When she talked about the camps, she talked about the camaraderie. I think she was trying to protect me. She only weighed 49 pounds when she came out, but I was born 18 months later. I was her victory. (2008) About These Quotes Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis. Each quotation page in this collection and the entire collection  © Jone Johnson Lewis. This is an informal collection assembled over many years. I regret that I am not be able to provide the original source if it is not listed with the quote.

Engl. 102 Poetry Essay - 1007 Words

â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† a Review English 102 Liberty University 4/21/2014 Poetry Thesis and Outline While reviewing â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening†, it should be noted that the key is the rhythm of the language. The first, second, and fourth sentence rime while the third sentence of each rimes with the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd sentence of the next stanza. In relation with the cryptic language draws the question, there is a more sinister back drop of loneliness and depression in this poem much deeper than the level of nature orated by the Narator. I. First Stanza A. Frost opens with describing who’s woods we are viewing 1. Does it matter who’s woods B. No one is†¦show more content†¦Frost further points out that the stretch of woods being viewed is very rural. This is made possible by the reference to the location between the woods and frozen lake. In closing the final sentence of the second stanza Frost reiterates the fact that this occurs on â€Å"the darkest evening of the year† stating the darkness of the mood. In the following stanza Frost returns to the horse, which â€Å"gives his harness bells a shake†. This is the first of only two sounds listed in the entire poem. Sounds might normally be associated with a person in a lighter more jovial mood. Frost uses the lack of sound to put the narrator into what appears to be a deep process of thought. As the poem moves further allon it is clear that Frost is not thinking of other sounds or even the feelings which would be associated with this type of event. There is no mention of the temperature only the implication of the snow falling, and the frozen lake. Yet the sounds are slightly present, similar to an athlete who is preparing for the event. Frost is quiet, internalizing his thoughts, focusing on the task at hand, and not sensing the other areas of life in the world around him. In the fourth and final stanza Frost uses the riming of all four sentences to draw the reader into the climax of the poem, â€Å"the woods are lovely dark and deep/ But I have promises to keep/ and miles to go before I sleep/ and miles to go before I sleep†. This grouping leads the reader to feel thatShow MoreRelatedRoad Not Taken752 Words   |  4 PagesPoetry Essay ENGL 102: Literature and Composition MLA Thesis Statement: Every adult faces the challenge of a life-altering decision. In â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost there are many metrical devices used to portray the poet’s major theme of decision making. Outline for â€Å"The Road Not Taken† I. Introduction A. Influence of decision making B. Problem faced by the character II. Body A. Theme of decision making B. Setting (1) Why is this symbolic? C. 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Clinical Trial On Piriformis Anaesthetic Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(42) " compared utilizing the Chi-square trial\." The purpose of this clinical test is to compare the patients of pure piriformis syndrome treated with local anesthetic alone or a combination of local anesthetic and methylprednisolone. Thirty-one patients diagnosed with piriformis syndrome who received a fluoroscopy guided piriformis musculus injection. There were no signii ¬?cant differences in average baseline VAS scores between the two groups of the survey. We will write a custom essay sample on Clinical Trial On Piriformis Anaesthetic Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now There were a signii ¬?cant differences between average baseline and average VAS tonss obtained during telephone interview for both groups.Pain VAS had improved by a agencies of 5.13 and 6.06 compared to the baseline degree in the local anesthetic and steroid groups, severally. It was concluded that no extra benefit from utilizing corticoid was identified after piriformis musculus injection and both bupivacaine entirely and in combination with methylprednisolone have a important consequence in alleviating chronic hurting of pure piriformis syndrome. Piriformis syndrome is an uncommon and frequently underdiagnosed cause of hurting in the cheek part and referred hurting in the lower dorsum and leg. Intolerance to sitting, dyspareunia in females, and sciatica are some of the common symptoms attributed to this syndrome. It is the true diagnosing in 6 % to 8 % of patients with back hurting and sciatica. Mechanism normally accepted is an inflamed or spastic piriformis musculus that compresses the sciatic nervus against the bony pelvic girdle. Trauma, hypertrophy and anatomic fluctuations of musculus and sciatic nervus, infections, myositis ossificans are common cause of piriformis syndrome. Priformis syndrome may be treated by curative stretch, massage, ultrasound, use and non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Caudal steroid injection, injection of piriformis musculus with local anesthetics and steroids or botulinus toxins, and surgical resection of the musculus have been reported as effectual intervention options. Injections may be performed blindly, with musculus electromyography, fluoroscopy, ultrasound, or with computed tomographic or MRI counsel. Nerve stimulators may besides be used to place the sciatic nervus. Local anesthetics interrupt the pain-spasm rhythm and resounding nociceptor transmittal, whereas corticoids have anti-inflammatory belongingss related to suppression of prostaglandin synthesis, decreases in regional degrees of inflammatory go-betweens and by doing a reversible local anesthetic consequence. Eventhough their antiinflammatory belongingss corticoids have been hypothesized to be of benei ¬?t for nervus root infiltration. The emerging grounds besides implies that the durable curative consequence may be obtained with local anesthetics with or without steroids. Tachihara et Al. illustrated that no extra benefit from utilizing corticoid was identified after nervus root infiltration. Therefore, it is suggested that corticoids may be unneeded for nervus root blocks. There are besides inauspicious reactions in response to the disposal of man-made corticoids such as dermatologic conditions, osteonecrosis, peptic ulcer formation, weight addition, hyperglycaemia, Cushing ‘s syndrome and psychiatric symptoms changing from mild temper alterations to wholly developed psychosis. In the present survey, the purpose was to measure the patients of pure piriformis syndrome treated with local anesthetic alone or a combination of local anesthetic and methylprednisolone. Methods This survey conducted on retrospective rating of 31 patients diagnosed with piriformis syndrome, at the University of Inonu, School of Medicine, Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Pain Clinic, Malatya, Turkey between 2007 to 2009, who received a fluoroscopy guided piriformis musculus injection. All the patients were given elaborate information on the process and informed written consent was obtained from all of them. The present survey was approved by Local Ethics Committee. Piriformis syndrome was diagnosed from the followers: clinical history, physical scrutiny, EMG findings and by excepting other pathological conditions of the lumbar, sacral, sacroiliac and hep joint countries by physical scrutiny and magnetic resonance imagination or computed imaging if needed. Piriformis syndrome was suggested by hurting on tactual exploration of the sciatic notch and reproduction of hurting with manoeuvres that stretch or contract the piriformis musculus over the sciatic nervus such as forceful internal rotary motion of extended thigh ( Freiberg ‘s Maneuver ) and active hip flexure, abduction or adduction and internal rotary motion by the patient lying with the painful side up, the painful leg flexed and articulatio genus resting on the tabular array ( Beatty ‘s manoeuvre ) . All patients were examined by a individual hurting specializer and non referred by any other doctor. Exclusion standards included patients known allergic reactions to local anesthe tic and bleeding diathesis. Piriformis injections were carried out by a individual hurting specializer. The patients were placed prone on a fluoroscopy tabular array. In a unfertile manner, the cheek country on the affected side was widely prepped and draped. AP position of the hemi-pelvis and cotyloid part was obtained and so a metal marker is placed on 1/3 of sidelong facet of fanciful line between the greater trochanter and sacrum. Local infiltration with 0.5 % prilocaine was used for local anesthesia. Two milliliter of radiographic contrast stuff ( iohexol ) was injected to obtain a satisfactory myogram ( Figure 1 ) . A syringe was prepared with 10 milliliters of 0.5 % bupivacaine in local anesthetic group or 9 milliliter of 0.5 % bupivacaine + 40 milligram methylprednisolone ( 10 milliliters entire ) in steroid group and injected into the piriformis musculus after negative aspiration for blood. Following the process patients should observe alleviation of their usual hurting. All patients were responded good to a individual injection. The patients that were stubborn to local anesthetic and/or steroid medicine were non considered as a exclusive piriformis syndrome and non included to the survey. After the process, the patients were transferred to the recovery room for 1 hr and until any leg numbness subsides. If hurting persisted a 2nd injection was carried out with same manner. The primary result parametric quantity of the survey was hurting assessed by VAS, analgetic usage, hurting on motion and patient satisfaction. Follow-up scrutinies were conducted by telephone interview 6 months after local injection. Analysiss were performed utilizing SPSS 16.0 version ( SPSS Inc. , Chicago, IL ) . The Kolmogorov-Smirnov trial was used to find whether the informations deviated from the normal distribution. Nonparametric informations were evaluated with the Mann-Whitney U trial. Proportions were compared utilizing the Chi-square trial. You read "Clinical Trial On Piriformis Anaesthetic Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" P A ; lt ; 0.05 was considered as important. Consequences Medical records of 68 patients with piriformis syndrome were evaluated. Thirty-one patients fuli ¬?lled the inclusion standards. The patient ‘s features including age, sex, weight, tallness, involved side and history of hurting until injection were comparable between groups ( Table 1 ) . No signii ¬?cant differences were noted sing first diagnosing before acknowledging hurting clinic, and conventional used intervention ( Table 2 ) . Three patient from local anesthetic group and two patients from steroid group needed to reiterate injection ( Table 2 ) . The injections for these 5 patients were repeated in a twosome of yearss. The other patients did non hold a repetition injection. There were no important differences between average baseline VAS scores between the two groups of the survey. There were important differences between average baseline and average VAS tonss obtained during telephone interview for both groups ( P A ; lt ; 0.041 ) . Pain VAS had improved by a agencies of 5.1 and 6.1 compared to the baseline degree in the local anesthetic and steroid groups, severally. Adverse effects were seen by 27 % of the steroid and 6 % of the placebo patients. These included sleepiness in 2 steroid group patients, and 1 local anesthetic group patient, hypotension lasted in two yearss in 1 and temper alterations in 1 steroid group patients. There were no other inauspicious effects such as fluctuations of glucose degree, gastro-intestinal hemorrhage, osteonecrosis, infection, or demand of extra medical intervention attributed to the investigational medicines. Discussion Piriformis syndrome is non to the full understood clinical syndrome and typically characterized by stray sciatic hurting limited to the cheek with radiation down the thigh, without centripetal shortages or neurogenic cause. Robinson described six diagnostic characteristics of piriformis syndrome which were: ( I ) a history of injury to the sacroiliac and gluteal parts ; ( II ) hurting in the part of the sacroiliac articulation, greater sciatic notch, and piriformis musculus that normally extends down the limb and causes trouble with walking ; ( III ) acute aggravation of hurting caused by crouching or raising ; ( IV ) a tangible allantoid mass, stamp to tactual exploration, over the piriformis musculus on the affected side ; ( V ) a positive Las A ; egrave ; gue mark ; and ( VI ) gluteal wasting, depending on the continuance of the status. There is no dependable nonsubjective trial to place the piriformis musculus syndrome and this is leads in many instances to great seeking for the beginning of the intractable sciatica among the lumbar pathologies. Many writers have considered injury in the gluteal country as the major cause of piriformis syndrome. Jawish et Al. believed that piriformis syndrome could be related to exacerbated rotators activity as it was observed in patients with difficult physical activity, Walkers, sports and football player or with insistent injury of nervus in patients with drawn-out sitting place. Regardless of the physiopathologic beginning of the complex upset, physical scrutiny and imaging surveies should be combined to corroborate the diagnosing. As, piriformis syndrome is a diagnosing of exclusion, although the patients had radicular symptoms were exluded from the survey, other imagination or correlativity to except were more common causes of sciatic hurting, such as lumbar phonograph record herniation, posterior aspect syndromes or spinal stricture, had been obtained from our included patients. The intervention end is directed ab initio toward diminishing ini ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ammation, associated hurting, and cramp as hurting originates due to the entrapment of the nervus root or to one of its subdivisions, taking to the development of myofascial trigger point. This hurting may besides be due to energy crisis produced from a loss of O and alimentary supply in the presence of an increased metabolic demand. This leads to the release of neuroactive biochemicals that sensitize nearby nervousnesss that in bend initiate the motor and sensory of myofascial trigger point via the cardinal nervous system ensuing in mechanical hypersensitivity. Injection of the 10 milliliter local anesthetic into the abdomen of the musculus as we used in our survey may rinse up such biochemicals. This injection may ensue in musculus relaxation and release of the entrapped nervus. To our cognition, our survey is the i ¬?rst clinical test comparing the effectivity of local anesthetic and methylprednisolone added to the local anesthetic. Naja et Al. compared bupivacaine ( 9 mL 0.5 % bupivacaine in a entire volume of 10 milliliter ) and bupivacaine plus clonidine ( 9 mL 0.5 % bupivacaine and 1 milliliter 150 milligram Catapres ) in a randomised double-blind test included 80 patients with piriformis syndrome who received a nervus stimulator guided piriformis injection. The average VAS tonss obtained after 6 months follow up were 4.5, 3.5 and 3.3 on walking, sitting and lying down, severally. Better consequences with Catapres had been obtained. Benzon et Al. retrospectively reviewed the charts of 19 patients who had received piriformis musculus injections and described a technique for piriformis injection. After 80-100 milligram methyl Pediapred or Aristocort injection to the schiatic nervus and piriformis musculus, 18 of the 19 patients responded to the injectio n, with betterments runing from a few hours to 3 months. The three patients with pure piriformis syndrome had 70-90 % response to piriformis injection for 1-3 months. In Fishman et al.5 survey all participants received an injection of 1.5 milliliter of 2 % Lidocaine and 0.5 milliliter ( 20 milligram ) of Aristocort and improved an norm of 71.1 % , proposing the efi ¬?cacy of corticoid and lidocaine injection combined with physical therapy in handling piriformis syndrome. Filler et Al. reported 162 patients with pure piriformis syndrome given 10 milliliter of bupivacaine and 1 milliliter of celestone: 14.9 % had sustained hurting alleviation runing from 8 months to 6 old ages without return, 7.5 % had 2 to 4 months of alleviation but required a 2nd injection, 36.6 % had 2 to 4 months of alleviation but experienced return after a 2nd injection, 25.4 % of these patients benefited for merely 2 hebdomads, and 15.7 % received no benefit. The consequence of this retrospective survey pointed out that both bupivacaine entirely and in combination with methylprednisolone have a important consequence in alleviating chronic hurting of pure piriformis syndrome and it was concluded that no extra benefit from utilizing corticoid was identified after piriformis musculus injection. Competing involvement: No external support and no viing involvements declared How to cite Clinical Trial On Piriformis Anaesthetic Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Resonance Essay Example For Students

Resonance Essay ResonanceRESONANCE: The property whereby any vibratory system responds with maximumamplitude to an applied force having the a frequency equal to its own.In english, this means that any solid object that is struck with a soundwave of equal sound wave vibrations will amplitude the given tone.This wouldexplain the reason why some singers are able to break wine glasses with theirvoice. The vibrations build up enough to shatter the glass. This is calledRESONANCE. Resonance can be observed on a tube with one end open. Musical tones can beproduces by vibrating columns of air. When air is blown across the top of theopen end of a tube, a wave compression passes along the tube. When it reachesthe closed end, it is reflected. The molecules of reflected air meet themolecules of oncoming air forming a node at the closed end. When the airreaches the open end, the reflected compression wave becomes a rarefaction. Itbounces back through the tube to the closed end, where it is reflected. the wavehas now completed a single cycle. It has passed through the tube four timesmaking the closed tube, one fourth the length of a sound wave. By a continuoussound frequency, standing waves are produced in the tube. This creates a puretone. We can use this knowledge of one fourth wavelength to create our owndemonstration. It does not only have to be done using wind, but can also bedemonstrated using tuning forks. If the frequency of the tuning forks is known,then v=f(wavelength) can find you the length of your air column. Using a tuning fork of frequency 512 c/s, and the speed of sound is332+0.6T m/s, temperature being, 22 degrees, substitute into the formula. Calculate1/4 wavelength V=f(wavelength) wavelength=V/f =345.2 (m/s) / 512 (c/s) =0.674 m/c1/4 wave. =0.674 (m/c) / 4 = 0.168 m/cTherefore the pure tone of a tuning fork with frequency 512 c/s in a temperatureof 22 degrees would be 16.8 cm. The pure tone is C. If this was done with other tuning forks with frequencies of 480, 426.7,384, 341.3, 320, 288, and 256 c/s then a scale in the key of C would be produced. There are many applications of this in nature. One example of this would bethe human voice. Our vocal chords create sound waves with a given frequency,just like the tuning fork. One of the first applications of the wind instrument was done in ancientGreece where the pipes of pan were created. pipes of hollow reeds were boundtogether, all of different length. When Pan, the god of fields, blew across hispipes, the tones of a musical scale were heard. Later reproduction of the sametype were created and musical instruments are heard all over the world thanks tothe law of resonation. BibliographyGranet, Charles; Sound and Hearing; Abelard-Schuman, Toronto; 1965Freeman, Ira M.; Sound and Ultrasonics; Random House; New york; 1968Freeman, Ira M.; Physics Made Simple; Doubleday, New York; 1965Jones, G.R.; Acoustics; English Univ. Press; London; 1967White, Harvey E; Physics and Music; Saunders College, Philadelphia; 1980Funk and Wagnall; Standard Desk Dictionary; Harper Row, USA; 1985 Science

Julius Caesar an Iconic Roman

Introduction Based on my personal opinion, Julius Caesar was a highly influential Roman, as a leader and as an ordinary person. He is a person who greatly influenced the then Roman people, as well as the recent generations, including Western culture affiliates. He lived between July 100 BC and March 44 BC. Caesar was a statesman, Roman General, and a renowned writer of Latin literature.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Julius Caesar an Iconic Roman specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He was a major actor in bringing about the gradual revolution of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. Among the milestones of his life, in 60 BC, together with Pompey, he formed the political alliance, an establishment created to dominate Roman politics for a number of years. However, their attempts to converge power through populist movements, were greatly opposed by the conservative elite class within the Roman senate. These inclu ded Cato the younger, and Cicero. Caesar’s conquest over Gaul was accomplished by 51 BC, leading to the expansion of Rome’s coverage to the English Channel and the Rhine area. Caesar recorded the accomplishment of becoming the first Roman Empire, to cross both boundaries, after building a bridge across the Rhine and leading the first invasion into the British territory (Thorne, 2003). Discussion The accomplishments which Caesar achieved, marked him as an unmatched military leader, who would command massive military power, which led to his eclipsing of Pompey’s standing. The division of power among the two was further threatened by the death of Crassus in 53 BC. Later, the political realignments taking place in Roman rule led to confrontation between Caesar and Pompey, with Pompey assuming the course of the senate. Through the demands of the senate, Caesar was required to face a trial in Rome, over a number of charges. Instead, Caesar accompanied by one legion, m arched from Gaul to Italy, during which, he crossed the Rubicon in 49 BC. The march sparked a civil war, which left Caesar, the unopposed leader of the Roman Republic.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After taking up leadership over the government, he started widespread reforms of the Roman society and the government system. Further, he centralized the bureaucracy of the Roman Republic, thus was declared a dictator in precedence. Later on, a number of senators led by Marcus Brutus, ordered the assassination of Caesar in 44 BC, hoping that his death would help revert the system to the constitutional republic government system. However, the unexpected came about, as a series of civil wars took place, which led to the ultimate permanent establishment of the Roman Empire by Caesar’s adopted heir, Octavius (Augustus Caesar). The larger part of Caesars life was marked by his military en gagements (Thorne, 2003). During his time and after his death, especially among the Romans and his present day admirers, Julius Caesar was well-liked and revered for a number of accomplishments and traits. These include the view that he was a defender of the rights of the people of his time, against the ruling oligarchy. He is also revered as a highly ambitious person, who was able to push his way into dictatorial power, and bringing about the death of the republic, through his highly developed tactical leadership. Caesar is also revered for his gifted, versatile nature, which saw him amass great success in war, as an orator and a statesman in an effective manner (Thorne, 2003). Another area that has touched and influenced succeeding generation till the present time, is the literary ability of Caesar. His literary creations are highly revered and used as military references. These include the civil war literature (three books), and commentaries on the Gallic wars, which are document ed in seven books. This literature lives on, and is cited as beautiful and clearly drawn from Latin classic works. In the field of poetry, the only one of Caesar’s works which is traceable to the present, is a poem about Terrence. This piece has also received usage and reverence as a concise Latin piece, depicting the literal constructions of the then Roman society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Julius Caesar an Iconic Roman specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In tracing his influence on the Western culture up to date, Caesars death, served to trigger his power and influence, which grew to the level of installing him as a central symbol of western culture and a mythic emblem. In contributing to the Western culture, the figure of Caesar has been adopted by historical figures like Machiavelli, Shakespeare, Madison Avenue, and George Shaw. For instance, Mussolini and Napoleon have given tribute to Caesar†™s crossing of the Rubicon in the protection of the dictatorial course they supported. Caesar has received credit as a one of a kind political leader. Credit is given to the social, economic, and political changes he caused on the Roman society and government. Caesar’s unique model is given credit and acknowledgement for the ability he showed in breaking the long-standing laws operating within the then Roman society. This serves to show him as a historical model, who may be emulated by the leaders of today, to bring about the changes that are needed within the history of government systems. Some of the revolutionary changes of Caesar, include his bringing of an entire army into the city, mainly because, prior to his act of disobedience, the army had not set foot inside the city of Rome. Caesar is seen as a proponent of changes, against the interests of the powerful system, proving the ability of changing socially constructed tolerance for undesired societal systems and stru ctures. Some of the lines or key phrases used or related to his life, are used in real life situations, to explain the directly unrelated events or occurrences. One phrase which has received such usage to a considerable level is, ‘Crosses the Rubicon,’ which is used as a figurative phrase to show the situation of going beyond the expected conventional levels. For instance, the phrase is used in explaining the cases, where an individual acts way beyond his entitlement, in terms of what he is allowed to do and what not to. These constructions show that his lines of action, mark milestones in marking real life events, which has held value for many generations after his death (Elton, 1996).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After his death, instead of his legacy dying and things returning to the way they were before he had got into the picture of political leadership, they got even worse, with the possibility of a return to the republic status becoming impossible. Instead, what happened was that civil wars started taking place, which threatened the leadership of the very people who had gotten Caesar assassinated. After all the civil wars and the deterioration in stability, the leadership fell into the hands of Caesars heir, Mr. Augustus Caesar, and not the rivals. The power of Augustus, further led to the permanent change to the empire status of the region, thus the hopes of reclaiming the republic status (Casson, 1998). The death of Caesar was more of a motivation to the Romans, and not a loss of their highly esteemed leader. This can be traced to the dramatic entry into power, which had clearly portrayed to the Romans, the ability of working against the common current or established negative principl es. After his death, the Romans were again woken up to the fact that they would expect the leadership imbalances eliminated by Caesar to resurface. As a result, the fear that a power struggle would take place empowered the Romans, which led to the revolt against the leadership change, thus the civil wars witnessed. This was highly unexpected, as Caesar, a declared dictator, had the support of all the people of Rome, and his death resulted in administrative imbalances. That helped serve the role of showing that he was more of a Roman’s leader, though a dictator. This trait has led to the long held prominence of this icon, thus the influence of Western leadership which comes along with it (Blackburn Holford, 1999). The key role played by Caesar in changing Rome and Europe in general, is socially, through the conquering of Gaul and the extension of the Roman culture into England, Belgium, and France. This was the unifying tie, between these varied lands of Celtic tribes into a unified common, in the fabric of the history of Western Europe as Romanic, and the Germanic Europe as a classic. These major revisions of the cultural aspects of Europe and other societies, have played a great role, in shaping the current world, which has directed credit to him, even thousands of years after his death (Adkins Adkins, 1998). Conclusion One highly revered figure in the history of the Western culture as well as the history of the globe as a whole is Caesar, a person who was authoritative in his time, and who grew more influential after his death. The areas that give this figure immense influence, include his pattern of leadership against the odds, as well as the historical role played in creating the Western culture. Thousands of years later, his name is as influential as it was after his death, both in leadership lines as well as other areas. References Adkins, L., Adkins, R. (1998). Handbook to life in ancient Rome. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Blackburn, B., Holford, S. L. (1999). The Oxford companion to the year. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Casson, L. (1998). Everyday life in ancient Rome. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Elton, H. (1996). Warfare in Roman Europe AD350-425. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Thorne, J. (2003). Julius Caesar: conqueror and dictator. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. This essay on Julius Caesar an Iconic Roman was written and submitted by user Silas Richards to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Floriance Kelly

During the progressive Era, Florence Kelley was an important person because of all of the contribution’s that she has made trying to improve child labor for women. There were many reasons for Florence Kelley becoming interested in reform and socialism, one of the people who influenced her was Friendrich Engels. Kelley knew of the conditions that needed to ch changed in her time. Those conditions that needed to be changed influenced her passion for reform and pushed her to work harder. Organizing a child labor committee and setting a form of minimum wages for workers were only a couple of the many things that Kelley did to contribute to reform. Karl Max also being one of her many influences was only part of how Florence Kelley became interested in Socialism and reform. The first time Kelley was introduced to social reform she was attending Miss Longreth’s School. Kelley became frustrated by the obstacles that her own society put against women’s participation in public life. At the University of Zurich there she joined a community of people who embraced the teaching of socialism. She became aware of these ideas and they helped her to inform the people of the abuse to poor working people and of their working conditions. These were many of the among reasons she became interested in reform. Of the conditions that were right in front of her she knew things needed to be changed. She was then hired to the Illinois Bureau of Labor Statistics to investigate sweat-shops and their systems. Florence Kelley knew that the working conditions were dangerous and people were getting harmed. During this time Kelley wanted to help the children in the working industries of the time. The children were being worked for very long hours and very little pay. They also worked in harsh and dangerous conditions. One of Kelley’s main concerns was the unequal treatment in society toward women. Florence Kelley made many contributions during her time as... Free Essays on Floriance Kelly Free Essays on Floriance Kelly During the progressive Era, Florence Kelley was an important person because of all of the contribution’s that she has made trying to improve child labor for women. There were many reasons for Florence Kelley becoming interested in reform and socialism, one of the people who influenced her was Friendrich Engels. Kelley knew of the conditions that needed to ch changed in her time. Those conditions that needed to be changed influenced her passion for reform and pushed her to work harder. Organizing a child labor committee and setting a form of minimum wages for workers were only a couple of the many things that Kelley did to contribute to reform. Karl Max also being one of her many influences was only part of how Florence Kelley became interested in Socialism and reform. The first time Kelley was introduced to social reform she was attending Miss Longreth’s School. Kelley became frustrated by the obstacles that her own society put against women’s participation in public life. At the University of Zurich there she joined a community of people who embraced the teaching of socialism. She became aware of these ideas and they helped her to inform the people of the abuse to poor working people and of their working conditions. These were many of the among reasons she became interested in reform. Of the conditions that were right in front of her she knew things needed to be changed. She was then hired to the Illinois Bureau of Labor Statistics to investigate sweat-shops and their systems. Florence Kelley knew that the working conditions were dangerous and people were getting harmed. During this time Kelley wanted to help the children in the working industries of the time. The children were being worked for very long hours and very little pay. They also worked in harsh and dangerous conditions. One of Kelley’s main concerns was the unequal treatment in society toward women. Florence Kelley made many contributions during her time as...

Jazz history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Jazz history - Essay Example While not specifically ‘jazz’ in the strictest sense, W.C. Handy’s contribution to bringing to blues to mainstream acclaim is well-documented. For his role in recording and popularizing what had previously been regional southern music, Handy is now referred to as the ‘Father of the Blues’. While ‘Memphis Blues’ is not Handy’s most famous recording (that honor belongs to ‘St. Louis Blues’), it perhaps has the most interesting story. The song was originally titled ‘Mr. Crump’ to criticize a local politician, but was actually adopted by that same politician to promote his campaign. Three years later the song was given different lyrics, and its name was changed to ‘Memphis Blues.’ In organizing the Clef Club, a ragtime band of assorted musicians, in 1912 James Reese Europe became the first proto-jazz band to perform at Carnegie Hall. In 1913 Europe became involved with a ballroom dancing group named the Castles. Europe’s musical accompaniments to the Castle’s ballroom dancing helped break racial barriers within the United States and Europe, and their recordings by the Victor label made them, along with the Original Dixieland Jazz Band’s works, some of the earliest known jazz recordings. No comprehensive history of early jazz recordings would be complete without including the Original Dixieland Jazz Band. The Original Dixieland Jazz Band are well-known as the first recorded jazz artists, beginning with their 1917 song ‘Livery Stable Blues’. While ‘Tiger Rag’ wasn’t the first recorded song, many critics regard it as their most popular.

Emergency Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Emergency Plan - Research Paper Example Emergency management process helps an organization or a society to reduce or mitigate the effect of disaster or an emergency. Emergency management includes training, planning, inspecting, conducting drills and testing equipment. Facility co-ordination and community wide activities are other major components of emergency management processes. Emergency management consideration describes several major operational functions. These functions can be considered as emergency management elements. These are direction and control, communications, property protection, life safety, recovery and restoration, community outreach, and administration and logistics. This report will describe all the emergency management elements in terms of Richard Facility Management. Resource management, information analysis and decision making system in an emergency is referred as direction and control. The configuration of a specific direction and control system is contingent upon several factors. Richard Facility management has own emergency medical technicians, fire team and expert hazardous material team. The emergency management group of this facility management organization is responsible for the broad picture. This group manages and controls all the incident related activities. On the other hand, the incident commander monitors technical aspects of the desired responses. This emergency management group supports the incident commander through effective resource allocation process. The emergence management group of Richard facility Management organization is controlled by the emergency director. The emergency director of this organization holds the post of facility manager. The facility manager controls and commands all the aspects of several disasters or emergencies, such as fire, flood, tornado, workplace hazards and several critical accidents. Senior managers within the organization have the authority to

Article review of Can Hamas Be Tamed Research Paper

Article review of Can Hamas Be Tamed - Research Paper Example Author however, further argues that this may not be the case as those organizations which took part into the elections and actually changed their political philosophy has little correlation with Hamas and that the overall evidence is really weak. Author also presented a history of Hamas and how it gradually evolved over the period of time. Evolved as an off-shoot of Islamic Brotherhood, Hamas operates based on the political philosophy of confronting with Israel and use violent means to achieve the same. After the death of Arafat, Hamas rolled itself as a political party and took part in the elections and subsequently won the election also. This participation by Hamas was however, not welcomed by both Israel and US despite the fact that Hamas actually made a transition towards participating in the overall democratic process within the country. Author further argued about the possibility of changing in the overall political ideology of Hamas due to Oslo Peace Process. Analysis Author h as presented two views about the participation of organizations like Hamas in the overall political process within country. ... According to Author, the skeptical view may hold because given the overall history of Hamas and the history of those organizations which actually participated into the overall political process is relatively less. Those organizations which have already participated into the liberal process were radically different from what Hamas preaches. Traditional history of violent groups also suggests that they may arise as a result of the suppression from the regime. Middle Eastern regimes often used the means to suppress any opposition against themselves and as such movements like Hamas can therefore easily find recruits who can participate in their struggle to overthrow regimes which work against the general interest of the masses. Author has also presented an alternative view according to which the diverse political opinions and the concern to attract votes, illiberal parties can make a transition to liberal ideologies if they participate into the election process. This argument is theoreti cal in nature and advocate that evidence does suggest that those groups who actually participate into election process ultimately become liberal in their overall ideologies. As such parties like Hamas therefore are considered as the subjects who can make a transition to liberal ideologies if given the chance. Author however, also argues that the overall political participation of the groups like Hamas also largely depends upon the local political context also. Author argues that the presence of a vibrant and strong political system is necessary in order to help organizations like Hamas to make a move towards more liberal ideologies. Further, according to author, it takes time for liberal ideologies to take roots in parties like

Situation analysis and market plan for a UK bank

Situation analysis and market plan for a UK bank In UK I am working in a Harvest bank and I have to prepare a business plan for a bank in the situation when there was global recession in the country and now banking industry is coming out of recession. There are a lot of opportunities in the current market because new businesses are growing, new migrants are coming in the country specially students, many Europeans are also coming because of the recovery toward stability in the country. In this situation many sole proprietors and partnerships are taking place many people want to start business. There is an opportunity for banks so our bank can take benefits from this situation by launching an online bank because of the intervention of technology in banks which are reducing the costs, giving competition and tough time to every business so a banks. UK market analysis In a report from Office of National Statistic in opinion survey in August 2010 it was stated that about 30.1 million of adults uses the internet every day which is approximately 60% of the total population. The number of persons who never used the internet is decreasing day by day in every year about 9-10 million user adds in previous years. The number of person who bought the goods or services from online source was about 31 million in last year. This figure represent about 62% of all person who are above the age of 16, mostly people purchased sports and clothes from online. There was about 73% internet connection in houses for total house holds which is almost 19.2 millions houses. People use more internet connection in London than outer / other part of the London. Large numbers of people especially teenagers use internet for social networking websites like Facebook, twitter, Bebo, Twitter, Yahoo, Hotmail and others. So UK market is use to of the internet so they can also use internet online bank account because of the shortage of time, 24 Hrs banking, and all banking facilities through online. You can do online purchasing and check the banking transactions simultaneously. Time saving is a key factor for these types of banks and banking transactions, bank can reduce cost for its operations. They can give competitive edge in facilities as compare to there rivals and create a bench mark in the banking industry. Product and Technology Analysis In product and technology analysis, our Harvest bank is introducing manly two product in the UK market which are online direct deposit product and online residential mortgagees lending product which are very easy for Harvest bank to manage. These are the introductory products besides these we will launch other more products completion of the introductory phase of the above mention products. Customers want to get more and more facilities from new companies at a competitive price as well as new products with innovative features. From technological perspective in UK, it is well establish and there is well develop infrastructure which is capable of handling these types of business products. As we mentioned above that the technology is very cheap in the country, telecommunication sector is developed which is the basis of online banking because bank has to provide online and telephoning banking facilities so it is good for the new harvest online bank. The technology and telecommunication sectors are interlinked with each other in UK both sectors are well equipped and have a good technological infrastructure. Environmental Analysis In environmental analysis we will analyse both internal and external environmental analysis of the bank. by doing this we will be know that what strategies we will be need to achieve our objective / goal in the banking industry because of the competition in the banking sector. External Analysis In external analysis we our bank will look on the broader prospect and external environment out side the organization which will be helpful for our bank for making strategies efficiently and effectively. Political The political situation of the UK is stable, country is coming out of recession, govt and investors are investing in the country especially in stock market and financial market. FSA ( Financial Services Authority ) is making new policies for money laundering activities, customers satisfaction, quality services from banks, banking industry growth, and safe guard of depositors interest and the money. Soon when BASEL III will launch than there will be more regulatory policies for banking industry so it is better to launch bank now because the conditions and circumstances are good for launching a bank in UK now a days. Social, Demographic Cultural Social and Culture of the UK is mix people belong to different demographic sectors so there cannot be a universal rule or policies for the customer. We should be aware of the fact and formulate those policies which are beneficial for all public at large, which cover all the sector of the society. There is about 61 million population of the country, both male and female work together with about 55 and 45 respectively. There are equal opportunities of employment for every one. Every one is independent in this country so there are more opportunities for opening a bank account because people use to surf internet every day about 60% of the adults use internet every day which is lot so people will like to use online baking facility. Now days almost every one has mobile internet facility or smart phones which can enable customers to check web sites and internet on their phones which is good banks and customers. Economic The Economic situation of the country is making progress because of the fiscal and monetary policies of the country. Although the county was in the bad recession period of the time but now it is progressing toward recovery which is good for the country, banking industry is playing very important role in it by investing the economy which is the need of the time. In UK there is more import than export so there is deficit in balance of payment which is negative for the country. Although county more export is services, technology, machinery and innovation, but is not enough for the country because there is less productivity or industrialization in the country. Technological The technology of the UK is advance which is helpful for launching our online bank and its products. There is modern telecommunication system in the country which is wireless and fibre optic cables system. In banking industry there is IBAN and SWIFT code system exist which is very helpful for international banking. The infrastructures of ATMs exist in whole country which allow customer to withdraw their money at any time for their convenience, now in most of the banks there are ATMs machine which allow customers to deposit money in machine instead at the counter. Modern infrastructure of internet is very advance in the country which is top most requirement of the online banking. Market UK market consists of Govt. Semi govt. Public, private, corporate, insurance companies, teachers, students, self employed, job seekers and national residents. By the law of the country it is required by the companies, govt. Corporate entities, partnership firms and sole proprietors to have a bank account and do business transactions through banking channel, because they have to show in their business transaction for VAT, income tax return and companies house return that their business transactions are through banking channels. Thus online baking service will provide them a better and clear cut picture of business transaction and their needs. For employees they can get salary direct to their account which they can use for their needs. They have 24 hour access to their account transactions, any one can do banking at any time they dont have to wait for the opening hours of bank. Competition The UK market is well educated because more people are educated. The people already have a knowledge of online banking because there are different competitor in the market, main competitors are ING Direct, Metro and HSBC Direct other are Lloyds, Barclay, Natwest, Hlifax, Santander etc. Now in UK almost every bank is providing online banking facility but they have speciality in different fields but the ING Direct and Metro are main bank who are primarily in online banking. Metro was lunched just recently about one year ago and it is doing well so metro bank is our main competitor in online banking with recent launch, we should be aware of it. Besides these competitors there are many other competitors in the market like credit card companies and insurance companies. All of these companies are accepting deposits and providing traditional banking facilities like virgin group of companies it comes in insurance, banking and credit card. There are many other companies which are providing services which banks provide so there is more tough competition in the banking industry. Swot Analysis For SWOT analysis we have to look at the company internal and external environmental factors. In internal environmental factors we have to look at the bank from inside perspective i.e. management, organization it self, its policies / Strategies, human resource, bank infrastructure and customer satisfactions. Strengths Our Harvest bank already exists in the banking industry so it is our strength that our brand name exists in the industry customer and general public know our bank. There are a lot of customers in our existing bank which are helpful for our new banking product which will suit our existing and new customers. Our organizational structure is flat which is very helpful in decision making and efficiency of the organization. Most of our bank staff is young and energetic, they have the require capabilities and training for new technology and system which is progress, all staff is fully motivated. We have local staff in every city and town, who can attract the local customers. We have the best technological infrastructure for online banking requirement. Safety and security of the banking software is very high because they have the strategic alliance which top software manufacturing company of the company. Weaknesses Our staff is young they dont have much exposure of the competitor, customers and banking which can lead to poor performance and effect our reputation and high standard of service. We have a lot of competitors which are international and bigger than us, they have research department and more qualifies staff who can deal with legal, operational, technological and other changes. Our competitors have more correspondent banking relationship for foreign exchange business, we are not familiar with this so it will be difficult for us in this tough competition. Opportunities Harvest bank is well known in the eye of customers, govt. public and private sector so our products of online deposits and online mortgages will be easily taken by the customers. Country is coming out of recession, customers have not sufficient fund for deposits but we can take money from international financial market and invest in online mortgages services. In recession property prices went down now people are again investing in houses for save and secure investment purpose. It is good time for us to invest in mortgages for the persons who have less money for house by providing them competitive rate on property mortgages at the basis of credit rating / score of customer. Govt is encouraging house holder to remain in their property and providing them financial sport for mortgage instalment, it is save and secure investment. The competitive rates and pricing of the products provide us better image in the eye of the customers and we can attract customers. There is more scope for our bank to advertise through electronic media and create awareness of our product and services to attract customers. The tourism industry of Europe and UK is increasing alot of students, investors and migrants are coming which could be prospective clients for our bank for money depositing. In upcoming years there is more advance technology in banking when there will be no paper money and all the transaction will be through banking / online, we should be prepare for it. Threats Some clients still want to do business with our competitors Source: Office of National Statistic Opinions Survey Statistical Bulletin: Internet Access 2010 www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/iahi0810.pdf http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=8

Analysis of Nothings changed by Tatmkhulu Afrika :: essays research papers

The poem Nothing’s changed is based on an apartheid in district six near cape town in south Africa exploring the portrayal of racism. The ironic title reveals to the reader how the apartheid has changed nothing but the physical appearance of district six. The poet gives the reader the impression that the speaker in the poem has grown up throughout his childhood in district six and has left and returned after the apartheid has supposedly begun. The poem is written in enjambment and is said as a narrative, in stanza one the speaker has returned to district six that has evicted all its ethnic cultures to be replaced by a white minority, to find that the place is a shambles and people have no respect for it he talks about the â€Å"seeding grasses thrust bearded seeds into trouser cuffs, cans, trodden on† this shows how littered it has become, the fact he mentions it shows the reader it did not use to be like that. Also the mention of the â€Å"purple-flowering amiable weeds†, purple being the colour known for dried blood implies to the reader that some sort of massacre went on throughout the apartheid, and amiable meaning sociable and friendly as a mask over what is really going on in the village. The overall emotion in the poem is revengeful and tragic, however the emotion from the speaker is anger and repulsion towards the white minority and the way they have took over the black’s home, he is aware that he has entered district six without any acknowledgement towards his surrounding, the way he says â€Å"District six.† As a short sentence sounds cold but built up with anger, he knows where he is and he doesn’t particularly want to be there.† No board says it: but my feet know,† this gives the impression he has steps on this ground many times before for his own feel to be aware of its surroundings, â€Å"and the skin about my bones, and the soft labouring of my lungs, and the hot, white, inward turning anger of my eyes.† The repetition of â€Å"and† makes the wording like a list and makes out the speaker has endless bad feelings towards this environment. Afrika then talks about the new buildings that have emerged since he has been gone to illustrate the diverse condition between the two social cultures within his society. He talks about the new building â€Å"flaring like a flag† as if it is taunting him, â€Å"it squats in the grass and weeds,† this gives the reader a horrible impression of the place but also implies the building stand out of its surrounds, it doesn’t belong there. Analysis of Nothing's changed by Tatmkhulu Afrika :: essays research papers The poem Nothing’s changed is based on an apartheid in district six near cape town in south Africa exploring the portrayal of racism. The ironic title reveals to the reader how the apartheid has changed nothing but the physical appearance of district six. The poet gives the reader the impression that the speaker in the poem has grown up throughout his childhood in district six and has left and returned after the apartheid has supposedly begun. The poem is written in enjambment and is said as a narrative, in stanza one the speaker has returned to district six that has evicted all its ethnic cultures to be replaced by a white minority, to find that the place is a shambles and people have no respect for it he talks about the â€Å"seeding grasses thrust bearded seeds into trouser cuffs, cans, trodden on† this shows how littered it has become, the fact he mentions it shows the reader it did not use to be like that. Also the mention of the â€Å"purple-flowering amiable weeds†, purple being the colour known for dried blood implies to the reader that some sort of massacre went on throughout the apartheid, and amiable meaning sociable and friendly as a mask over what is really going on in the village. The overall emotion in the poem is revengeful and tragic, however the emotion from the speaker is anger and repulsion towards the white minority and the way they have took over the black’s home, he is aware that he has entered district six without any acknowledgement towards his surrounding, the way he says â€Å"District six.† As a short sentence sounds cold but built up with anger, he knows where he is and he doesn’t particularly want to be there.† No board says it: but my feet know,† this gives the impression he has steps on this ground many times before for his own feel to be aware of its surroundings, â€Å"and the skin about my bones, and the soft labouring of my lungs, and the hot, white, inward turning anger of my eyes.† The repetition of â€Å"and† makes the wording like a list and makes out the speaker has endless bad feelings towards this environment. Afrika then talks about the new buildings that have emerged since he has been gone to illustrate the diverse condition between the two social cultures within his society. He talks about the new building â€Å"flaring like a flag† as if it is taunting him, â€Å"it squats in the grass and weeds,† this gives the reader a horrible impression of the place but also implies the building stand out of its surrounds, it doesn’t belong there.

Nucor Corporation Essay

Nucor Corporation is characterized by its owner? operators who take pride in their work and teams and as a result have created great profitability for a traditional steelmaker. Nucor is known for many things including its pay practices that base earnings on performance as well as the value and trust the corporation places in its employees. At Nucor employees are rewarded based on their effort, treated with great respect and empowered to make decisions based on their expertise and knowledge. Nucor is a unique organization among its rust? belt counterparts. To understand its success it is necessary to understand the leadership mentality, empowerment strategy, motivation and rewards base as well as its approach to change and innovation. All of these elements have turned Nucor into a desirable place to work with the potential for future success as it acquires new entities and grows. Leadership When looking at the Nucor Case Study, it is advantageous to discuss the leadership styles in relation to the Vroom? Jago Leadership Model as well as other concepts and issues of leadership. The initial leader to focus on is F. Kenneth Iverson, a former Nucor Steel President (1965? 999) and legendary leader. His leadership fostered the close? knit culture that exists even today. When Iverson and Sam Siegel, Financial Vice President, initially assumed leadership roles, they exhibited the AI Autocratic style at individual and group level in selling off many wide? ranging operations to focus on one area. They also made the decision to move corporate headquarters to where it is even today, Charlotte, NC. From that point leadership has continued to have a basis in the group with Nucor employees empowered to make decisions that will benefit the organization. Nucor Steel‘s leaders also exhibited other Vroom ? Jago leadership styles as they evolved to the present day. Iverson installed radical concepts giving employees better pay and real power exhibiting GII decision Style: willing to accept and implement employee decisions. Current CEO Daniel R. DiMicco uses a different leadership style when purchasing 13 new companies and instilling the unique culture in those new facilities. Nucor management, as a whole still focuses on the people in the front line of their business predominately using DI individual style leadership and GII group level decision style. Different perspectives of leadership also can explain Iverson and DiMicco. Both exhibit traits of charismatic leaders. The case study points out how employees are willing to accomplish tasks based on an emotional commitment to Nucor Steel. The example of electricians helping sister plants in another state on their own initiative shows, when crisis arose, the employees showed extraordinary behavior. All General Managers contact a new GM within 2 days of starting in a different factory, offering help, and meaning it. This behavior is unconventional, and counters to established norms in the current business culture. Only a visionary charismatic behavior from the leader could motivate such commitment. Leadership approaches discussed here point out that leadership is an exchange process with employees. A look at transactional leadership and transformational leadership helps further explain Nucor’s success. Transactional leaders help the follower identify what is done to accomplished desired results and ensure the resources are on hand to complete the job. Transformational leadership motivates followers to work for goals rather than on short term self-interest this leader is able to express clear vision and inspire other to accomplish that vision. Nucor’s management, in this case study continually exhibit transformational leadership attributes. When Nucor employees innovate themselves out of tight spots, the leader’s charisma has instilled this sense of value respect, and pride. The General Managers reaching out to the new GM shows leaders reaching out to help individual needs. These leaders allow the employees to rethink rational ways to correct problems, and do not intervene in work tasks unless people are sidetracked. The most important aspect of transformational leadership is charisma coupled with other roles. The deep emotional attachment to Nucor management is one facet of this style. These leaders also play the role of teacher, coach, mentor, reformer, or revolutionary further establish their transformational style of leadership. Power In addition to the various leadership styles and involvement of the employees and commitment to the organization there are different types of power between leaders and employees at Nucor. There is a lot of employee power at the Nucor Steel Company generating from the flat organization structure found within the company and the leaderships focus on employees. A standard joke in the company is that if you were a janitor and you got five promotions you would have the CEOs job. Unlike the pyramid structure that is found in other companies, at Nucor the CEO believes that he is the one who was at the bottom and he works for all the others in the organization. Power within Nucor, as in other corporations, comes from two places: interpersonal and structural. With the flat organizational structure at Nucor the majority of the power is interpersonal rather than prescribed by the organizational structure and layers of management. At Nucor employees have a large amount of power – specifically expert power. Expert power arises an individual has the ability to influence as a result of a highly valued expertise regardless of job title. Expert power is clearly exhibited in the case study when employees call upon each other (as in the case of the Hickman plant calling expert electricians from another plant) and when leadership entrusts decision making to employees. In addition to expert power, referent power is also common among Nucor employees. Referent power is based upon charisma – whether it is the charisma of the CEO or of the line worker, this type of power comes from interactions with others. Not only did Nucor leaders Iverson and DiMicco have structural power they also had referent power from charismatic leadership styles. Where interpersonal power results from expertise, attitudes and actions, structural power comes from the organizational structure itself. At Nucor with its flat hierarchy structural power is not the main source of influence or power. A type of structural power that is present is the decision making power of the employees. Individuals at Nucor have a broad range of decision making power as seen in the electrician situation. The decision making power is based on the premise that they will make the best decisions for the organization since their compensation depends on the organizational success. Motivation & Rewards When looking at the Nucor Corporation, it is important to understand why the employees are motivated to act the way that they do. Nucor has high job satisfaction which in turn brings improved job performance. This improved performance benefits everyone in the company instead of just management at Nucor. Herzberg’s two factor theory is utilized in the Nucor case study. The people from Nucor demonstrated there were motivators by traveling to fix a problem that was a great distance away. The people in this situation had achievement, recognition, and responsibility all in mind when they decided to take steps not required to help others in the organization. Achievement motivated the employees in the example because they knew that they were helping the company immensely and this would in turn help them. The recognition would be shown in their personal pay checks. The responsibility in this situation was the people agreeing to help out without any supervisors there to persuade them to go. Additionally, teams in Nucor’s situation are beneficial in motivation. People are willing to help one another because both people will be rewarded for a job well done. The mentality of â€Å"us guys† instead of â€Å"you guys† motivates people to form teams in a manner that is beneficial to the company. The hygiene factors in Nucor case does not apply to their company. The areas of dissatisfaction that most other companies face such as pay and security do not come in to account. The factory workers by percentage make a much more comparable amount to their managers in comparison to different companies. The primary reward for the executives at Nucor is financial compensation, including benefits. In their roles as executives, they naturally have many of what could be considered rewards by others in the organization. Autonomy, the ability to effect decision, and many other roles are a natural part of the role as an executive within an organization. The executive salaries are on average are a bit lower than average, while performance based pay is more and makes up more than 50% of total compensation. The performance? based component is primarily paid in the form of stock options and restricted stock. Options allow the holder to purchase the stock at a specified price, usually lower than market value. Restricted stock is direct partial ownership in the organization that vests over a period of time. These types of rewards are common among executives, as there is a direct correlation between how the company performs and the ownership stake the executive receives in the organization they have the ability to effect. The employee reward system contains both financial rewards (including benefits), as well as non financial. The average employee at Nucor makes $100k a year, 20% more than industry average. This reinforces the organizations belief that people are the backbone of the company, and further strengthens the commitment to try and retain its employees. One of the most difficult aspects to manage in the milling industry is the turnover and training of employees; Nucor has recognized this and used financial rewards to deter this from taking hold within its own organization. The employee also has intrinsic rewards available within the organization. They include: completion, autonomy, achievement, and personal growth. Moreover, they are all encouraged within the culture. This is most evident in the recalling of employees taking it upon themselves to help during a time of need. This allows them to grow, achieve a goal, make their own decision, and work until completed.

Eschatology: The Destiny of the Unsaved Essay

In answering Steve’s comment about the destiny of the unsaved certain definitions need to be dealt with along with reference made available to us and I have just what we need. Steve I understand what you have read and the comment was made from the standpoint of the author â€Å"Clark Pinnock. † However, if you will allow me to answer your questions in defining words such as; â€Å"Hades, Gehenna, Sheol, Eternal punishment, Annihilationism, Universalism, Hell and Apokatastasis. You also asked the difference between Hades and Sheol. Since we are dealing with Sotereology, Eschatology and Ecclesiology it is only fair that we reference the Word of God. Our definitions will come from Elwell Evangelical Dictionary of Theology and some citing from Towns, Theology for Today. In defining Sheol, Elwell (2001, 1099) notes,† A place where men experience rewards, or punishments that will come to them in final judgment and a place whose power cannot withstand the church. † Hades is noted as; â€Å"A grave or the place of bodily decay; a place of punishment for the wicked,† (p. 1099). Gehenna,† according to Elwell (2001, 480), is defined in this manner; â€Å"A place that shares some common ground with Hades/Sheol; however, both good and bad souls after death prior to judgment, while Gehenna is the final and everlasting place of punishment for the wicked following the last judgment. † In answering Steve’s question of the difference, if any, among Sheol, Hades, and Gehenna and the concepts that best corresponds to the traditional understanding of the eternal abode of the Wicked? Sheol and Hades best corresponds to the traditional understanding of the eternal abode of the wicked. Contrary to popular belief hell is explained in the Bible as a final place for the wicked, this will be brought out further in our discussion. As we continue on in our definitions, Elwell (2001, 395 Eternal punishment as; â€Å"One being cast into a lake of fire where the fire never goes out. † (Mark 9:43; cf. Luke 3:17). â€Å"He referred to ‘†hell,’† where the worm does not die, and the fire is not quenched. ’† Elwell (2001, 64), further defines Annihilationism as â€Å"expressing the position of those that hold that some, if not all, human souls will cease to exist after death. Our next word is Universalism, Elwell (2001, 1232), defines the word as; â€Å"That doctrine which asserts that all men will eventually be reconciled to God. Universalist believes that the efficiency of the Atonement is not limited and therefore extends to all. † Furthermore, Elwell, (p. 548) states Universalist also believe that all will eventually go to heaven. † Elwell, (2001, 547) further defines Hell in a general sense, he notes; â€Å"Hell is used in Scripture to [describe] or refer to a place of future punishment for the wicked. As we have elaborated on the more detrimental states of eschatology there is another state that is quite attractive to the theologian and media evangelist. This state is better known as the Intermediate State, Elwell, (2001, 608 – 609), defines this as; â€Å"The period between death as an individual phenomenon and the final judgment and consummation. If Christian thought held to not final state of affairs for all creation, then perhaps ones final situation could be conceived as being settled at death. Elwell further include the theory of Purgatory; you will not be lost, yet God will be just. At the present time, with much awareness of life as a process or evolution, purgatory has also allowed for speculation about continued development of the soul. As such, it continues to be attractive for some in a greatly modified form. † Lastly, Elwell, (2001, 81), defines the Apokatastasis, he state that; â€Å"Jesus must remain in heaven until the time comes for God to restore everything, as He promised long ago through his holy prophets. Further, Elwell states that most evangelicals, while insisting on an eschatological restoration by Christ, deny the corollary assertion of the ultimate salvation of all humans. Now that we have defined the terms necessary, let me give you my understanding of the destiny of the unsaved from a biblical stand point as well. My understanding is that â€Å"Gehenna† or the â€Å"Lake of Fire† is prepared for the Devil and his angels, consequently the â€Å"Wicked,† or â€Å"Unsaved† after the â€Å"Great White Throne Judgment† will be cast into hell where they will spend â€Å"eternal punishment. † (Matthew 25:41, 46; Revelation 20:12-15). Towns (2008, 795) notes; â€Å"All those who are judged at the Great White Throne are consigned to hell because they have rejected God. Hence], The Great White Throne Judgment will determine the degree of punishment the rejecters will endure, based upon the nature of their evil work. † Furthermore, in my research the most common objection comes from many sources, however the objections used for an our example is that of the Universalist. Elwell (2001, 1232), notes; â€Å"Universalism is that doctrine which asserts that all men will eventually be reconciled to God. A Universalist believes that the efficiency of the Atoneme nt is not limited and therefore extends to all. † Furthermore, Elwell, (p. 548) notes, â€Å"Universalist also believe that all will eventually go to heaven. [The Scriptures biases for this belief are as follows]: (1 John 2:2; Philippians 2:10-13; 2 Peter 3:9; Romans 11:32; 2 Timothy 2:4). † Now Steve, there are many that may not share my point of view and that’s common in religious society. However, In responding to objections one has to point out that when Christ returns it will be for a â€Å"church without a spot or a wrinkle,† (Holy Bible, Ephesians 5:27). This does not mean that God does not love everyone, it simply means that He will save those who have answered his call to salvation (Holy Bible, John 3:16-21). All of this can be summed up in one word â€Å"Atonement. Elwell notes (2001, 114), â€Å"This truth is repeated, and enlarged upon in the NT, where it is made clear that all are sinners (Romans 3:23) and that hell awaits them (Mark 9:43; Luke 12:5). But it is just as clear that God wills to bring salvation and that He has brought it in the life, death, resurrection, and ascension of His Son. The love of God is the mainspring (John 3:16; Romans 5:8). We are not to think of a loving Son wringing salvation from a just but stern Father. It is the will of the Father that all be saved, and salvation is accomplished – not with a wave of the hand, so to speak – but by what God has done in Christ. In reconciling the idea of hell and eternal punishment one has to understand the offer that Christ made to all mankind, (Holy Bible, John 3:16; Romans 10:9-17; Ephesians 2:1-22). Not only did God make the offer, but he also gave the consequence if one did not except Christ. God does not make our decisions for us; however, He has made a way of escape from sin to eternal life through His Son Jesus Christ. What is the impact that my view of hell has on evangelism/missions? The impact that my view has on hell and getting the word out to all that will hear is to know that we all have a decision to make as for as our eternal destination. We can choose heaven or hell the choice is ours as individuals. The impact that I would like to make from this point on is to paint a picture such as explained in Towns, Theology for Today (2008, 802), â€Å"The Millennium will fulfill all the biblical desires that have been expressed towards it (Hebrew 11:10). That which brings joy and fulfillment to life will be included in the kingdom. Those things which produce sorrow or discomfort in life will be excluded from the kingdom of God. †

Biostatistics in Workplace Essays

Biostatistics in Workplace Essays Biostatistics in Workplace Paper Biostatistics in Workplace Paper The term biostatistics actually came from the combination of two important words in the world of researching, biology and statistics. As the root words imply, it is the integration of biological study of life and the full analysis and application of statistical data in general (White, 2003). Such a domain is a specialized branch of statistics that mainly intends to come up with research and analysis results from biological perspectives. In general, biostatistics involves the statistical analysis in the fields of environment, agriculture, population, health care and genetics (ASA, 2008). How does biostatistics become beneficial to a work place? Relating to a personal experience biostatistics was practically important in the world of health care. Currently, I am an assistant in a medical laboratory of a hospital. My main task is to encode raw data of both the patients and pharmacy department to a computer, more like a medical transcriptions task. I have seen so many applications of biostatistics in my work place, first of which is in the segment of pharmaceutical and laboratory preparation of drug dosages for patients. With a good statistical know-how, the clinic that I am working for is able to determine the safest dosages of drugs depending on the level of illness. The previous biostatistics data that were collected from clinical trials provides a guide that will measure up the correct amount of penicillin and cloxacillin (both antibiotics) that is suitable for at each three levels of pneumonia. With the correct trials done, the laboratory is able to dispatch dosages in customized amounts for specific patients. Biostatistics plays a very important role in larger pharmaceutical entities such as those which manufacture commercial drugs. Another area where I found biostatistics important in my work place is in the field of epidemiology. Of course our health institution can only manage to do statistical research in smaller scopes but using the in-house researchers’ knowledge in interpreting data, the hospital is able to determine how many of its patients have possible contractions of Tuberculosis at any given time. Using probability measures of biostatistics applied to a Government data, the hospital has always been on the same side of monitoring how many patients should be quarantined to avoid cross-contamination. When it comes to providing nutrition to the patients, biostatistics also plays an important role. The concept is not as technical or as demanding as the previous scenarios but the use of statistical data in formulating a balanced nutrition is evident in our company’s health system. The research department is regularly updating the hospital’s â€Å"scientific menu† which is then translated by the canteen into sets of highly nutritious foods for the patients. Also, those with significant needs of specific nutrients have a carefully planned balance food system just in case the patient would like to avail of the canteen’s food services.

Unit 2 ip Presentation Essentials Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Unit 2 ip Presentation Essentials - Assignment Example Scientists believe that there should be some ways to produce more food to support all the people and considered artificial methods to produce food. A unique method known as genetically modified food is developed by the scientists that raised the amount of food produced by the farmers but many people are against the modifications in the food sector. However, modification in the food items is also brought by the environmental change and shortage or abundance of water resources. In the similar way, the utilization of toxic pesticides and inorganic fertilizers also become a reason in the modification of food products. The linkage between the global warming and the modification of bonds the human health. As the world’s food demand is increasing and the utilization of artificial methods is rising, the number of people that die with the lack of food is increasing (Kelly, 2012). The major cause is that the food producer is runs a business and in order to attain certain economic benefits in a short period of time, it become the necessity for the food produces to utilize the artificial methods to produce food. There is need to bring sustainability to the food industry. There is a need to plant vegetables, fruits and crops at homes, even a little effort can make a difference. The utilization of natural methods to produce food like the utilization of natural fertilizers like vegetable residue, dried leaves and wastes from humans and animals could be utilized as the natural fertilizer (Environment. nationalgeographic.com, 2012). Natural processes not only help the soil to retain its strength in retaining good minerals and fertilizers for the plant but also help the soil to retain water for longer periods. In this way, natural processes help to bring sustainability in the food sector. The major reason impacted the food is the increase in the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide that influenced the

Leadership Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership Analysis - Essay Example Also, being able to take initiative whenever there is a need. Leadership practices have helped individuals to portray a character of self discipline to enable them to work in various offices as if they owned the business personally (Blanchard, Fowler and Hawkins, 2005). This has enabled progress and increased processes involved in growth and development in various companies. This has also influenced living standards among individuals from diverse communities positively. Therefore, self-leadership should be encouraged in various organizations and departments, which will also help maintain and manage quality of goods and services offered by the organizations. Self-leadership has been found to increase levels of honesty in organization performance. Individuals who have learned how to operate and govern their operations in any department, can help reduce levels of dishonesty and help build a better relationship with the management team of the company (Northouse, 2011, 15) . Individuals should learn new skills in various operations undertaken in departments available in an organization. However, it has been noted that, to learn new and advanced skills in various fields, individuals need to be given the opportunity to explore new jobs and talents within their fields. To have better skills that can be considered as more valuable than those that previously existed, it has been noted that self leadership should be attained within the personality of an individual. In this case, having self drive and attainment helps ensure that an individual get to understand the difference between important skills and knowledge to learn, as well as those that are not considered important in the various operations undertaken in the company (Blanchard, Fowler and Hawkins, 2005, 6). This has been found to influence activities undertaken by individuals in various departments in the organization.

Into the Question of the Art Nature Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Into the Question of the Art Nature - Assignment Example It defines art as works created by artists: paintings, sculptures, etc., which are created to be beautiful or to express important ideas or feelings Painting is the process of applying a pigment, paint or a colour to a surface by use of a brush. In art, painting may be used to mean the action and the result of the action. It is a mode of creative expression and has numerous forms. Paintings can be representational and naturalistic, abstract, photographic, or be loaded with symbolism, narrative content or just emotional in nature. It has the elements of colour tone, intensity and a lot of nontraditional elements (Arnheim, 2009). A sculpture is a branch of visual arts. It is one of the oldest kinds of art, having existed before most of the other art forms. There were durable forms that used carving and modelling, but modernity has led to freedom in the ways that it’s done, in terms of the materials used and the process. Carving involved removal of parts of the material used, whereas modelling involved the addition of the material such as clay. Architecture is the form of art, and arguably a science, that deals with designing of building and non-building materials. It involves a lot of creative manipulation and coordination of technology and materials. We have the ancient architectures forms and the modern forms of architecture, which implies that architecture could also be as old as painting. (Ralph, 1998) Photography is the art and science of creating images. Light or some other electromagnetic radiation is recorded either chemically by use of a light-sensitive material such as a photographic film or electronically by use of an image sensor. A lens is always used to focus the light emitted or reflected from objects into the real image on the light-sensitive part of the camera.   Printmaking is a form of fine art. It is the process of making works of art by printing basically. Prints always have an element of originality. It is possible to create a multiplicity of prints of the same piece.  Ã‚  

Jain Man Fasts to Death Essay Example for Free

Jain Man Fasts to Death Essay A 76 year old Indian man died of starvation that is called â€Å"santhara†. It is an old practice in Jainism where a person fasts for a number of days and is believed to help the person achieve salvation. Some people are still not amenable to this practice as they believe that this is a sort of suicide. On the other hand, Amar Chand, the man who died, believed that it would help him cleanse his soul as he has been ill for some time already. â€Å"Santhara† is a religious ritual described as intended death by fasting. During the process of fasting, the person is given time to reflect on his life, which is reason why this is considered to bring salvation. If someone feels like he has served his purpose in life and felt like he has imparted enough of himself to the world, one can decide to fast. There are a lot of religious practices in the world; some may even seem absurd and illogical. However, to the followers of the specific religions, their belief stands by the fact that they would be able to achieve something out of it; in this case, salvation. If you think about it, to decide that you have served your purpose is a sign of consciousness and knowledge of the belief that you are following. It shows that given enough will power and faith in something, anybody can do anything. To the Jains, though some may think that â€Å"santhara† is synonymous to suicide, they still hold on to the practice because as far as they know, being able to reflect upon one’s life can help them save themselves from spiritual death just as the Muslims believe that they need to travel to Mecca at least once in their life.

Socioeconomic Determinants Of Health

Socioeconomic Determinants Of Health 1.1 Explain the effects of socioeconomic influences on health Recent evidence suggests that the health of the population in the United Kingdom continues to improve. However, despite this many people will experience an inequality in terms of their health and the chance of living in good health is unequally distributed within society (House of Common Health Committee 2009). Socio-economic status is one of the most important determinants of health and the link between this and health is widely accepted (NPHS 2004). Differences in health by social class was examined by the Black Report (1980), which investigated the problem of health inequalities in the UK and found that people of lower economic status were far more likely to experience ill-health and premature death than those of higher socio-economic status. The report concluded that despite the improvement in the overall health of the population, the improvement had not been equal across the social classes and that the health gap between lower and higher social classes was widening. This was supported by the Health Divide (1987) and the Acheson Report (1998), which mirrored the findings of the Black Report. Report findings suggested there was a direct correlation between socio-economic class and health and the likelihood of developing health problems such as coronary heart disease, strokes, lung cancer and respiratory diseases was far higher in the lower social classes. The aim of this essay is to discuss the unequal distribution of health within society; this will be achieved through the examination of the incidence of coronary heart disease within a lower socio-economic group. This subject has been chosen because it is of particular relevance within some of the most deprived areas of Wales and accounts for a large proportion of deaths. A further aim of the essay will be to identify and discuss the factors that influence health across a persons lifespan. Psycho-social influences on health will be discussed along with the direct and indirect influence they have on the health of a person. An analysis of pertinent social policy will be provided together with the relevant public health policies that have been developed to tackle the problem of health inequalities. Finally the role of the nurse and the multi-disciplinary team in improving health inequalities will be considered. In order to achieve these aims it is important to fully understand what is m eant by health and the term health inequality. The Biomedical model defines health as the absence of disease and focuses on the eradication of disease and illness through diagnosis and effective treatment. The state of health is determined by assessing whether or not a disease is present and is driven by the belief that cures for diseases need to be found in order for people to be considered healthy (Bury 2005). Despite often being considered to present a negative view of health it is the most prevalent model used in Western society. When people are feeling unwell it is the medical professions opinion that is sought and the primary concern of the is the treatment of disease and prevention of illness. Symptoms of illness are considered to have an underlying pathology in this model and this pathology can, although not always successfully be treated or restored thus leading to re-instated health (Morrison and Bennet 2009). However this model fails to recognise other factors that influence health. In contrast the social model of health defines health and illness from an individuals perspective and their functioning in society. Rather than merely considering biological or physiological changes, it regards disease as being a result of the interaction of biological, psychological and social conditions (Brannon and Feist 2007). It emphasises that changes can be made in both the individuals lifestyle and in wider society in order to improve health. In comparison with the World Health Organisations definition, health should not be viewed merely in terms of the presence or absence of disease but consideration must be given to the overall state of a persons physical, social and mental well-being (WHO 1948). The social model of health considers other important influences that impact on the individuals health and recognises that health does not only result from biological and genetic processes but that it is a state of positive well-being influenced by the wider social and economic cond itions in which we live (Farrell et al 2008). Consideration of other factors that influence and determine health allows for a better understanding of why some people have better health than others. It also provides a broader understanding of the determinants of health, which in turn allows for identification of the factors which influence health either in individuals or within particular groups in society and goes some way to explaining why inequalities in health persist. Health inequality was highlighted by the publication of the Black Report in 1980, showing that there was a direct correlation between socioeconomic status and health (Bartley 2004). It refers to the unequal distribution of health between social groups that is distinguished by the unequal structures of which the group is a part (Graham 2007). Health inequalities are random, perceived to be unfair and rather than being a result of biological processes are socially produced (Whithead and Dalgren 2006), generated by the social conditions in which people live (Farrell et al 2008) and refers to the systematic differences in the health of groups that occupy unequal positions in society (Graham 2007) and refer to a particular type of difference in health whereby disadvantaged groups experience worse health and greater risks to their health than less disadvantaged groups (Braveman 2006). Health inequalities are avoidable but are determined by the political, social and economic influences on the conditions in which people live, grow and work (CSDH 2008). They are a result of a wide range of complex influences and those people who are the most socio-economically deprived are the most likely to suffer ill health in all stages of life and premature death (Townsend Davidson 1988). An example of this can be seen in the incidence of coronary heart disease and the contributing factors which influence this disease particularly amongst those within the population who are the most socioeconomically deprived. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a disease of the blood vessels supplying the heart. Coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked with deposits of fatty materials or cholesterol (atheroma), thus reducing the blood supply to the heart. This deprives the heart of oxygen, causes angina, arrhythmia and can lead to coronary thrombosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction and/or sudden death (National Assembly for Wales 2001). Despite it being a largely preventable illness and leading cause of death in the UK, it still accounts for over 6000 deaths per year in Wales (NPHS 2006). Although the incidence has been falling over the past few decades, figures show that Wales still has a higher incidence of the disease than England and that in areas of high deprivation such as the South Wales valleys the incidence of CHD is at least a third higher than in more affluent areas (Cardiac Disease NSF for Wales 2009). Mortality rates for CHD show that Wales has a higher rate than the UK average and that areas within Wales with the highest rates are mainly in the South Wales valleys, with Blaenau Gwent and Merthyr Tydfil having rates significantly higher than the national average (NPHS 2006). Some of this may be linked to access to services, in particular angiograph and revascularisation. While the hospital admission rates for coronary heart disease is higher than the national average in areas of low socioeconomic status such as Blaenau Gwent and Merthyr Tydfil, admissions for angiography and revascularisation is lower among these areas (NPHS 2006). There are many factors that contribute to the incidence of CHD, some of which cannot be changed such as increasing age and genetic disposition. However many social influences such as tobacco use, diet, physical activity, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, use of alcohol and drugs, and stress which contribute to the disease can be modified. Incidence of CHD can also be linked to poverty, low educational status and poor mental health (depression) (WHO 2006b). Exposure to unequal health risks begins before conception and continues through all development stages through to adulthood and leaves the individual vulnerable to a range of disease that includes CHD. (Graham 2004). Environmental conditions such as work environment, income and housing in adulthood contribute to health inequalities and have as much of an impact in determining future health and premature death childhood disadvantage (Kuh et al 2003). Increased behavioural risks in adulthood contribute to CHD and as the incidenc e increases in the lower socioeconomic groups so do the associated risk factors. Those living in deprived areas are far more likely to smoke, eat a poor diet and take part in less than the recommended amount of physical exercise. These behaviours also increase the risk of high blood pressure, high cholesterol and stress, which are associated with the development of CHD (NPHS 2004) Tobacco use is a contributory factor in the development of CHD and the prevalence of smoking among the lowest socioeconomic groups in the UK is approximately 45% of men and 33% of women in the highest social class being smokers compared to 15% and 14% respectively in the lowest social class (Richardson and Crosier). In Wales is estimated that 17% of deaths from heart disease can be attributed to smoking (Cardiac Disease NSF for Wales 2009). Whilst the prevalence of smoking continues to decrease it is still a major problem, the 2008-09 Welsh Health Survey showed that 25% of men and 23% of women were smokers. However in areas with low socio economic status and high deprivation such as Blaenau Gwent and Merthyr Tydfil the number of people who smoked was higher with the percentage of smokers being 30% and 31% respectively (Welsh Health Survey 2007-08). Another contributory factor in the development of CHD is nutrition; diet plays an important role in the development of heart disease with the consumption of fat being linked to coronary heart disease and high salt intake being linked to high blood pressure which is a contributory factor to CHD. While eating 5 or more portions of fruit and vegetables a day can reduce the risk. Despite this intake of fats and salt is higher in Wales than is recommended (Cardiac Disease National Service Framework) and the number of people who consume the recommended amount of fruit and vegetables is only 36%. As with tobacco use these figures decreases in areas of low economic status; with 30% in Merthyr Tydfil and only 28% in Blaenau Gwent consuming the recommended daily amounts. (Welsh Health Survey 2007-08). As well as having a high intake of fats and salt people in low socio-economic groups are also far more likely to consume a diet with poor nutritional value which can result in individuals becoming overweight or obese. The highest proportions of people who are overweight or obese are again in areas of low socioeconomic status. As with other risk factors areas such as Blaenau Gwent and Merthyr Tydfil the number of people who are overweight living in these areas is above the national average for Wales (NPHS 2006). While the national average was reported as being 54.1% in 2006 (NPHS2006), the more recent Welsh Health Survey 2007-08 shows that this figure has increased to 57%, with Blaenau Gwent and Merthyr Tydfil being above the average with it being reported that 64% and 59% respectively being overweight or obese in these areas. Physical activity can contribute to an improvement in physical and psychological quality of life, whereas physical inactivity is a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease and high blood pressure (DoH 1993). The recommended guideline for exercise is 30 minutes of moderate intensity 5 days per week, however only 29% of the Welsh population reported that they achieved this. In areas of low socioeconomic status Blaenau Gwent and Torfaen reported lower than average figures, however Merthyr Tydfil was above the Welsh average. Physical inactivity in the female population is lower than that of males and this trend appears at an early age (NPHS 2006). Other factors such as high blood pressure, high levels of cholesterol, use of alcohol and drugs and stress all contribute to CHD and can be a result of factors such as poor diet, smoking and reduced levels of physical activity. While some individuals may be genetically predisposed to developing CHD for others personal will have a direct bearing on their future health. Individual personality and how much control they feel they have over their own health influence the choices made. Those people who belief they control outcomes (internal locus of control) are far more likely to be able to modify their behaviour to improve future health. Whereas those who beliefs health outcomes are firmly controlled by powerful others (external locus of control) are more likely to continue risk taking behaviour (Lefcourt 1982). Nurses can make an invaluable contribution to the reduction of health inequalities through their ability to work with the public to influence behaviour change within the scope of health promotion work. Health promotion allows the nurse opportunity to target vulnerable populations, to promote health in a positive way, to give clients the health information that allows them to make informed decisions about their health and prevention of illness, enhancing the individuals ability to play a key role in their own health (Webster and Finch 2002 in Scriven 2005).and is an area in which the nurse or healthcare professional plays a key role (WHO 1989). Health promotion work although being a key role for nurses does not lie solely within the domain of health and to achieve the ultimate aim of tackling inequalities there needs to be partnership work with a range of healthcare professionals such as health visitors and dieticians as well as other professionals working in related fields such as sm oking cessation. In order for it to be completely successful a multi-disciplinary approach is advocated with the need to tackle other health determinants simultaneously being paramount (RCN 2007). Health inequalities are often a consequence of lifestyle choices and behaviours, with development of illness and disease is the result of many factors. In order to make changes to the most socioeconomically deprived people in society, work needs to be focused on behaviour change and lifestyle choices (Welsh Assembly Government 2002). Publication of reports such as the Black Report, Health Divide and Acheson Report highlighted the severity of the problems facing the health of society and it is from here that government interventions and public health policies are produced. Publication of the Black Report highlighted the inequalities in health that were present in UK society. The report concluded that health was directly linked to social class and the chance of living a healthy life decreased in lower social classes. It showed that while the health service could play a part in reducing health inequalities measures to reduce socioeconomic differences in income, environment, poor housing, low education standards and unemployment should have a greater importance. It contained 37 recommendations concerned with improving the life of the poorest members of society, particularly children and those with disabilities (Acheson 1998). Recommendations focused on two main areas. It proposed the government should adopt a policy aimed at reducing child poverty in the UK and more money should be spent on health education and the prevention of illness (Townsend Davidson1988). However government at the time criticised the report, arguing that it did not explain health i nequalities and that increased expenditure on the health service would not make a difference to standards of health. Despite this the report was influential in public health debates and research and influenced the decision by the WHOs European region to agree a common health strategy in 1985 (Acheson 1998). Further reports in 1987 (The Health Divide) and 1998 (Acheson report) drew similar conclusions as the Black Report. The Health Divide argued that socio economic circumstances where a major factor in health inequalities and subsequent health and that the gap between health standards and social class had increased since the publication of the Black Report (Whitehead 1987). The 1997 new Labour government set up an inquiry into health inequalities, signalling that the alleviation of inequalities in health was of primary importance. (Marmot 2004).The result of this inquiry was the publication of the Acheson Report, which found that inequalities in health persisted and mirrored the findings of both the Black report and the Health Divide. It concluded that in order to improve health the gap between rich and poor must be reduced and that health inequalities begin before birth. It recommended that high priority should be given to policies aimed at improving health and reducing inequalities in health particularly in respect of children, women of child bearing age and expectant mothers and health policies that have a direct or indirect effect of health should be evaluated. Additionally the report made 37 further recommendations directed across all governmental departments and called for development of policies that sought to reduce inequalities in health (Acheson 1998). In the context of Wales, the Welsh Assembly Government has publicised a number of policies and documents seeking to address the issues of health inequalities. In 1998 Better Health; Better Wales highlighted and described health inequalities which exist in Wales and in 2001 it set out its long term plan to improve the nations health. Improving Health for Wales: a Plan for the NHS with its Partners (2001) set the scene for the NHS over a ten year period. Its main objectives were to make further improvements in health maintenance, provide a significant contribution to health improvements in the populations health and to tackle health inequalities. The Well-being in Wales consultation document in 2002 emphasised that health was the responsibility of everyone not only of the government. This idea of a shared responsibility was reinforced in the 2003 Review of Health and Social Care in Wales, which showed long-term demand for health and social care was unsustainable and there needed to be a greater emphasis on the prevention of ill health and individuals should be held responsible for their own health. This led to the development of Health Challenge Wales, which signposts members of the public to information and activities to improve their own health. In 2005 publication of Designed for Life, a 10 year commitment of creating world class health and social care in Wales built on the work which had been undertaken in 2001. One Wales (2007) upholds the Assembly Governments commitment to improving health and well-being in particular the poorest, most vulnerable members of society. The status of the health of the population varies considerably and the correlation between socioeconomic status and health has been proven in various reports. Health problems such as CHD that are more prevalent in low socioeconomic groups are further exacerbated by associated risk factors that are more prevalent in these groups. Various reports have highlighted these inequalities and concluded that despite being avoidable, inequalities in health exist and are a result of political, social and economic influences. The Welsh Assembly Government in its strategies has recognised the unsustainability of long term health and social care and that there is a need for individuals to take responsibility for their own health. Health promotion work undertaken by nurses is a key role in promoting health and providing the public with information that allows them to make positive lifestyle choices and change behaviour to improve future health. While this is an important area, health inequalities wi ll not be eradicated within the domain of health; it is vitally important that all government departments develop policies that aim to tackle the risk factors.